Referat Ivanhoe
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Ivanhoe was published in 1819, a year before Walter Scott would receive
his title from King George IV. Ivanhoe was to be his most famous and
intriguing that he wrote in his lifetime. It is a tale of adventure,
romance, comedy, and chivalry in the days of knights in shining armor.
The first passage of Ivanhoe gives the setting for the entire novel. "In
that pleasant district of merry England which is watered by the river
Don," is where all of the action takes place. The first chapter gives an
account of the present state of affairs in England. After the defeat of
the Saxons by William the Conqueror of Normandy at the Battle of
Hastings in 1066, the Norman French soon took over England. They reduced
the proud, native Saxons into their servants and slaves. The action
opens with the introduction of two men, Wamba and Gurth. Wamba is a
bondsman who lives by his wits, and Gurth is a simple swineherd.
Together they are discussing the state of Norman-Saxon relations while
Gurth s dog, Fangs, is rounding up the swine. As this carries on, a
storm is approaching the two men. As they begin to leave for their
master s estate, Wamba and Gurth hear horsemen approaching on the path.
While returning, Wamba makes a point to take his time on the path home
in order to find out who the horsemen are.
When the horsemen do catch up to the two men in slave collars, they are
introduced to the reader as Brian de Bois-Guilbert, the Knight Templar,
his companion Prior Aymer, and Abbot of Jorvaulx. They also have about
them their attendants. They are seeking the home of Cedric the Saxon and
Wamba purposely misdirects them so that they will not find it. As the
horsemen carry on, Wamba and Gurth continue to the home of their master,
Cedric the Saxon, in the other direction. As the horsemen continue their
journey, they have a discussion about the beauty of Rowena, who is the
ward of Cedric the Saxon. After some time they arrive at a sunken cross
where two paths meet and find a Palmer gives them the proper directions
to Cedric s home and takes the men their himself. After a lengthy
description of Rotherwood, home of Cedric the Saxon, the guests arrive
at the estate and are welcomed and treated with respect and hospitality.
They are in time for the evening s feast and just before the food is
served, Wamba and Gurth make their entrance into the dining hall.
Minutes later, the fair Lady Rowena also makes her way into the room. As
the feast commences, the Jew, Isaac of York, makes his entrance into the
dining hall. The Jews are victims of much prejudice in the novel and
Isaac is treated as an "unbelieving dog" would be. Isaac, however, does
have much to share with the congregation at the dinner. He brings news
of the Crusades in Palestine and of the courage of Ivanhoe. Cedric is
very interested in news of Ivanhoe and listens carefully to what Isaac
has to say. After Isaac s telling of the news from the Crusades, de
Bois-Guilbert raises up and speaks against Ivanhoe, saying that he could
conquer the brave knight. At this moment, the Palmer begins to speak
angrily at de Bois-Guilbert and vows that them moment Ivanhoe returns
from the Crusades that he will challenge de Bois-Guilbert immediately.
The Templar accepts this challenge and the Palmer hands over a small
token to the Prior Aymer to insure honesty in his challenge of the
Knight. Thus the feast is ended and all the participants head towards
their quarters. Along the way, the Palmer hears the two Moslem
attendants of the Templar discussing their plan to rob Isaac. The
Palmer, who understood their native tongue, rises early the next morning
to wake Wamba to escort himself and Isaac our of Rotherwood to escape
the robbery by the Moslems. In reward for his help, Isaac loans the
Palmer a horse and a suit of armor to use at the tournament at
Ashby-de-la-Zouche.
The tournament begins the next day and the colorful pageantry is
described in detail. Isaac arrives with his daughter, Rebecca, whom we
meet for the first time. The Normans and Saxons argue about where the
Jews should sit, but this quarrel is solved by Wamba. At the tournament
we are also introduced to Athelstane the Unready, a native Saxon who is
also a suitor to Rowena, and Waldemar Fitzurse, a counselor to Prince
John. At the tournament their arrives a competitor known as the
Disinherited Knight who proceeds to overthrow the four strongest
opponents in the tournament, including Brian de Bois-Guilbert. At the
conclusion of the tournament, the Disinherited Knight chooses the Lady
Rowena as the Queen of Beauty and Love. The knight and Lady Rowena
decline an invitation to Prince John s banquet of that evening. The
Disinherited Knight takes care not to have his face shown to anyone at
the tournament.
After the tournament, the squires of the four vanquished knights arrive
at the tent of the Disinherited Knight. As is custom, they offer their
master s armor and horse, or an equal ransom, to their victor. The
Disinherited Knight accepts a rather moderate ransom from three of the
squires but will not accept either the horse and armor or ransom from
the squire of Brian de Bois-Guilbert. Instead he relates his feelings of
mortal defiance of the Templar and tells his squire to relate that to
his master. Gurth is then sent to pay back the money to Isaac that would
cover the use of the horse and armor used in the day s combat. Gurth
does so and is repaid secretly by Rebecca as he is leaving the house of
the Jew. On his return trip from Isaac s home, Gurth is set upon by a
band of thieves who resolve to take his money. Only after combating one
of the members of the gang of thieves and emerging victorious does Gurth
retain his money. In addition to their leniency of not taking his money,
Gurth receives protection from the thieves for the remainder of his
journey home.
The second day of the tournament is surrounded by much excitement and
the knights in combat assemble into two equal sides for the general
tournament. The Disinherited Knight was leader of one side, The Knight
Templar of the other. Joining the Templar is Athelstane and Reginald
Front-de-Boeuf, a strong Norman knight. When the fighting commences, the
Templar and the Disinherited Knight try to attack each other but cannot
reach one another because of the surrounding fray. After the other
knights are vanquished, only the Disinherited Knight, the Knight
Templar, Front-de-Boeuf, Athelstane, and a knight whom was being called
the Black Sluggard because of his slow movement, remained. At that
moment the Disinherited Knight is surrounded by his three adversaries
and would have been struck down had it not been for the heroics of the
Black Sluggard. The Black Sluggard charges into the battle and took out
both Athelstane and Front-de-Boeuf so that the Disinherited Knight and
Brian de Bois-Guilbert can fight one-on-one. The next conflict is soon
over as the Disinherited Knight emerges victorious for the second day.
As he is being crowned by the Lady Rowena, his helmet was taken off
against his will and he is revealed as Ivanhoe, the disinherited son of
Cedric the Saxon. At this moment Ivanhoe faints to the ground and it is
realized he is badly wounded in his side.
Once Ivanhoe is revealed, there is quite a fervor running through the
crowd at the tournament. There is speculation on whether Front-de-Bouef
will have to give up his castle that used to be occupied by Ivanhoe
before his departure, and whether the proposed plan of Prince John for
Lady Rowena to marry De Bracy, a Norman Knight, would follow through.
This excitement and agonizing reaches its peak when Prince John receives
a letter that states, "Take heed to yourself, for the Devil is
unchained." After the main tournament is over, several smaller contests
take place and one of these is the archery contest. Locksley takes part
in this contest and, just as folklore persists, succeeds in splitting
the arrow of his fellow competitor Hubert. Later on that evening
Athelstane and Cedric attend the banquet of Prince John. Throughout the
night they are continuously ridiculed by their Norman company because of
their being Saxon. They are scoffed at because of their bad manners and
because of their supposed inferiority. At the conclusion of the feast
Cedric is asked by Prince John to make a toast. Prince John thought that
Cedric would surely make it in honor of himself in order to appease his
Norman monarch. Instead, Cedric dedicates the drink to the absent King
Richard. The supporters of Prince John do not know what to do, and
Prince John becomes enraged at his sudden loss of control over his
Norman subjects. Later that night, De Bracy, who is infatuated with the
idea of marrying Lady Rowena, dresses up in the clothing of a yeoman and
decides that he will abduct the Saxon party as they return home from the
tournament. Fitzurse tells De Bracy this is not a good idea, but De
Bracy continues on.
The next chapters of the book take us to the Black Knight who is
wandering aimlessly in the forest. He finally decides to loosen the
reins and let his horse find the way they come upon the hut of the Clerk
of Copmanhurst. After the Clerk is convinced of the Black Knight s
honesty, he lets him into his home and they spend the night drinking and
singing as loudly as possible. The Clerk is easily recognized as Friar
Tuck, the jovial priest who loves his drink as much as his God.
After this brief interlude with the Friar and the Black Knight, we are
sent back to Cedric and his party. Once Cedric gets word that Ivanhoe is
being taken care of well, their party heads back to Rotherwood. As they
are returning home Oswald, a servant of Cedric, recognizes Gurth as one
who cared for Ivanhoe. Gurth is then held captive for helping Cedric s
disinherited son. As they are riding however, Gurth breaks his bonds and
slips away from his captives and into the forest, renouncing his service
to Cedric. The other members are too frightened by the howling of Fangs,
Gurth s dog, to notice that their prisoner has escaped. As they continue
on they encounter Isaac and his daughter who are caring for a sick man.
Rebecca begs Rowena for protection and Rowena fulfills her request.
Moments later De Bracy and his gang descend on the travelers and take
all of them prisoner except Wamba, who has managed to escape. Wamba
finds Gurth in the forest and they both encounter Locksley, who wishes
to punish the impostors who kidnapped the Saxon party. The three men
head to the home of Friar Tuck and find the Friar and the Black Knight
in a drunken revelry. They both vow to help rescue the prisoners after
they sober up and the five men now are on their way to Torquilstone, the
castle of Front-de-Boeuf, where the prisoners have been taken.
At Torquilstone, all the members of the party are taken to separate
rooms and Isaac is the first one to be shown to the reader. Isaac is
thrown into the dungeon and threatened by Front-de-Bouef with torture by
fire unless he pays him a ransom of one thousand pounds of silver. Isaac
asks Front-de-Boeuf if he may release his daughter to get the money for
him, but learns that she has become the property of Brian de
Bois-Guilbert. Just when Isaac is being prepared for torture, a bugle
sounds and the preparations are stopped.
The next person shown in the castle is Lady Rowena, who is approached by
De Bracy with a marriage proposal. She is told that Ivanhoe is also a
prisoner in the castle and that both he and Cedric will die if she
refuses him. Rowena then begins to cry, and shortly thereafter the bugle
sounds and their conversation ends.
Rebecca is the last prisoner that is dealt with in the novel. She is
being pressured by Brian de Bois-Guilbert. He, however, does not want
marriage but rather the pleasures of the flesh. She responds to his
advances by threatening to jump out of the tower. This threat also ends
abruptly as the bugle sounds and de Bois-Guilbert must answer its call.
The party of Locksley and the Black Knight reach the castle and send in
a letter stating their demand for the release of the prisoners.
Front-de-Bouef replies that they will not be released and that a priest
be sent inside to hear confessions of the doomed captives. Wamba enters
the castle in Friar Tuck s robes and makes his way to Cedric. The two
men exchange clothes and Cedric finds his way to Urfried, an old Saxon
hag. He learns of her hatred for the Normans after witnessing the murder
of her father and how she was once respected she was now considered
worthless by her master. Front-de-Bouef then gives a message to the
disguised Cedric to deliver to Philip Malvoisin, a Norman supporter of
Prince John. In addition to the letter Cedric is given a gold piece as
payment. Cedric throws the money at Front-de-Bouef and then joins
Locksley and the Black Knight. After learning of the trickery attempted
by the Saxons, the ransoms are rejected by the prisoners, and the
storming of the castle becomes necessary.
After this action takes place, the novel takes a moment to tell of the
fate of Ivanhoe after the tournament. We learn that after being taken in
by the Jewess Rebecca, he was brought with her and Isaac as they
traveled to York after the tournament. They were then joined with the
party of Cedric and then all were taken captive by De Bracy. Ivanhoe was
then taken prisoner just as the other members in the party were.
After we learn of how Ivanhoe arrived at Torquilstone, the fighting
ensues. Rebecca is left to care for Ivanhoe during the battle, and
describes all of the action to him. Front-de-Bouef is mortally wounded
and is being berated by Urfried as he is dying. In a last ditch attempt
at revenge, Urfried has set fire to the castle and both she and
Front-de-Boeuf die in the flames. During the battle, the Black Knight
saves Ivanhoe from the flames and captures De Bracy. All of the
prisoners are now safe except for Rebecca, who has been carried off by
Brian de Bois-Guilbert. Athelstane has been struck down as if he were
dead by the Templar as he tried to save Rebecca.
After the fighting, the group assembles at Locksley s hiding place in
the forest. Once there, Cedric frees Gurth. Also, Isaac learns of his
daughter’s abduction. The Prior of Aymer suggests he use his influence
over the Templar to force him to release Rebecca. A letter is soon drawn
up and the Saxon party departs to Coningsburgh castle where Athelstane
is to be buried.
De Bracy, being freed by the Black Knight, returns to Prince John and
tells him that King Richard, the Black Knight, is back in England. He
also relates the news that Brian de Bois-Guilbert has fled and that
Front-de-Bouef has been killed. Prince John then conceives a plot to
imprison his brother and sends Fitzurse to capture him. Isaac soon
arrives at Templestowe, where Rebecca is being held. He is brought to
the Grand Master, Lucas Beaumanoir. He brings the letter from Prior
Aymer and instead of the release of Rebecca, her healing powers are
looked upon as those of a sorceress and is now looked upon as the
"second witch of Endor." Brian de Bois-Guilbert is now exposed as loving
a Jewess, and Albert Malvoisin, Preceptor of Templestowe, tries to keep
up the Templar s good reputation. Brian de Bois-Guilbert is in love with
Rebecca, but is reminded by Malvoisin that if he wants to ascend in the
ranks of his order that he must end his desires for Rebecca. The Templar
is torn between the two things that he truly desires. Meanwhile,
Beaumanoir ordered an immediate trial to convict Rebecca as a witch.
Brian de Bois-Guilbert tries to find a way for her to escape.
The attempt at escape fails and Rebecca is brought to trial. Brian de
Bois-Guilbert is cleared of all charges because the jury believed that
he was under the supernatural influence of Rebecca. Rebecca is soon
convicted after many witnesses testify to her supernatural powers. Once
convicted she gains a reprieve by being allowed to have a champion
represent her against Brian de Bois-Guilbert. The Templar fears that a
champion will not be found and wants Rebecca to elope with him.
While on the way to Castle Coningsburgh, King Richard and Wamba are
attacked by Waldemar Fitzurse and his men. With the help of Robin Hood
and his men, all of the men are slain except Fitzurse. He is banished
from England. Ivanhoe and Gurth rejoin the group after the battle and
are teamed up with the outlaws. As the party travels to Coningsburgh,
the funeral feast has commenced. Athelstane, who had merely been knocked
unconscious, appears and before he can relate his story of how he
escaped his coffin, Ivanhoe is summoned to save Rebecca. The assembly at
Templestowe is eagerly awaiting a champion to arrive to save Rebecca,
and just when all hope is thought to be lost, Ivanhoe rides into the
lists. Brian de Bois-Guilbert and Ivanhoe charge at each other and both
are unseated. Ivanhoe survives and the Templar falls dead to the ground.
Thus Rebecca is saved and Ivanhoe goes on to marry Lady Rowena. Rebecca
pays a visit to Rowena to thank her for her freedom. King Richard is
restored as the reigning monarch of England and Isaac and Rebecca leave
England and travel to Granada.
The End
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