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The Last Of the Mohicans
The film is set in 1757, the third year of war between England and
France for the possession of the continent. The center of the story is
the most notorious event of the French and Indian War; the s0-called
massacre of British troops, women and children by General Montcalm s
Indian allies after the British surrender of Fort William Henry to the
French on 9th August 1757.
The Struggle between the French and English for control of North America
became apparent in the late 1600s. The buffer between the two imperial
powers was the presence of the five Nations of Iroquois who controlled
almost all of what is now New York State. From West to East the tribes
were the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and the Mohawk; these five
were joined by the Tuscarora to form six Nations in 1711.
The film correctly portrays the Iroquois as ferocious warriors who
practiced torture and covered their skins with bear grease and red
ochre. The gathering of Indians in the temporary military camps of 1757
leads to a misrepresentation of the daily lives of northeastern Indian
tribes. Neither the Iroquois, the Delaware, nor the Huron were nomadic
hunter-warriors who only lived for battle. Iroquois tribes were
fundamentally agricultural, and due to being inland people were less
dependent upon British and French fur traders than were the Algonquin
tribes.
English settlement West and North from Albany and French from the West
and South from Montreal made it hard for the Iroquois to preserve both
their independence from White nations and the league among themselves.
The Mohawks were allied to the British, the Northern tribe called the
Hurons, not allied to the Iroquois Nation, became undeclared supporters
of the French. For all Iroquois, the danger of white incursion upon
Iroquois lands and culture had to be balanced against the immediate
benefits of acquiring the white mans goods, the iron axe, the iron
plough, iron guns as much as alcohol and trinkets.
Chingachgook and Uncas are descendants of Delaware as well as Mohican
tribes, who are scouts and warriors who serve the British. Here
historical allegiances have been altered through character association,
the Delaware Indians were of Pro -French sympathies. Many nations had
split allegiances to the French and British. Distinctions between tribes
in the film are rather blurred and differences between Mohican and
Delaware are erased. Chingachgook and Uncas are clearly idealized
portraits, men of nearly every virtue, few limitations and no vices.
The portrayal of the character and conduct in the film of the principal
historical figures is said to be accurate and fair. Colonel Monro was a
brave and blunt commander who did everything possible to save his fort
until he was informed no reinforcements were coming. Montcalm grants
Munro a dignified condition of surrender, allowing the British troops to
retain their colors, their arms, and their possessions in accord with
the term of the 18th Century Parole of Honor .
The last of the Mohicans although based on an historical event has been
altered to create a successful film. Much in the film can prove useful
to the historian such as references to indentured servitude, the
portrayal of the war leaders and the belief of the English and French
that they were rulers of the continent. The natives in the film appear
as individuals rather than members of a wider community and little
social organization is shown in the film. The portrayal of the Indian is
not a hugely realistic, but has been romanticized to create either a
hero or villain. It has been said that the idea of the noble savage is
clichù but it must be remembered that Hawkeye is white. He is too proud
of his origins to sink into the condition of the wild Indian. The
Delawares were attractive of the attention of missionaries so contact
with whites would have continued for Hawkeye. The central character
(hero) can be seen to represent the better qualities of both conditions,
without pushing either to extremes. In all the film is useful in
suggesting some of the issues in Anglo-Indian relations and has a
certain historical element to it. Although it is the liberty of the
director/writer that has allowed distortion in recreating the past, as
can be seen of aspects of racial differences and racial politics.
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